sweatsciences
Electrolytes on keto

Keto flu is usually a salt problem, not carb withdrawal.

Cut carbs and your insulin drops, which tells your kidneys to flush sodium and water — taking potassium and magnesium with it. That's the headache, the fatigue, the cramps. It's not your body detoxing from sugar; it's electrolyte depletion, and it usually clears within hours of replacing them. Here are the honest amounts, and the cheap way to hit them.

See the cheapest way to hit it →

Why low-carb makes you lose salt.

On a normal-carb diet, insulin runs a little higher and signals the kidneys to hold onto sodium. Drop the carbs and insulin falls — the kidneys reverse course and start excreting sodium and the water bound to it. Most people shed 2,000–4,000 mg of extra sodium in the first week of ketosis, along with the potassium and magnesium that follow it out. That rapid loss is the keto flu: low energy, headache, lightheadedness on standing, and muscle cramps — the same electrolyte-gap symptoms you'd get from heavy sweating, just arrived at from the kidney side rather than the skin.

One honest distinction. Our calculator sizes electrolytes to your sweat, which is a different loss than keto's renal one — so it isn't the tool for your keto baseline. What it shares is the mineral math and the cheap mix. This page gives you the daily target; the database and recipe show how to hit it for pennies.

The amounts the research actually recommends.

These come from the low-carb clinical literature — notably Phinney and Volek's work — and they're higher than standard guidance precisely because the diet increases your losses:

Per day on ketoTarget
Sodium3,000–5,000 mg
Potassium3,000–4,000 mg
Magnesium (elemental)300–500 mg

A lot of that can come from food — salt your meals to taste, a cup or two of broth, and several servings of non-starchy vegetables for potassium. The gap that's left is exactly what a fixed-dose electrolyte stick is sold to fill, at about $1.50 a serving. You can fill it for a few cents.

Read this if you have a heart or kidney condition. 3,000–5,000 mg of sodium a day is a lot, and it is the right target for many healthy people on keto but the wrong one if you have high blood pressure, heart failure, or kidney disease — those conditions need individualized medical advice before you add sodium. Potassium supplements in particular can be dangerous with kidney disease or certain medications. This page is education, not medical advice.

Hit it for pennies, not $1.50 a stick.

The popular keto electrolyte brands are a fixed blend of exactly these three minerals — the category was practically built on the keto market. There's nothing wrong with the formula; you're just paying a dollar-plus a serving for minerals that cost a few cents in bulk. The same sodium, potassium and magnesium from pink salt, potassium chloride and a magnesium supplement lands your daily target for a fraction of the price — and you can tune it to how you actually feel.

Sources: Virta Health, sodium, potassium & magnesium on a ketogenic diet; Phinney & Volek, The Art and Science of Low Carbohydrate Living (sodium 3–5 g, potassium 3–4 g, magnesium 300–500 mg/day; ~2–4 g sodium lost in the first week of carb restriction).

Fix the flu, keep the money.

Hit the same electrolyte target the sticks sell, for a few cents a day.

The cheap keto mix →